Exodus 16

Manna and Quail from Heaven

¹On the fifteenth day of the second month after they had left the land of Egypt, the whole congregation of Israel set out from Elim and came to the Desert of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai. ²And there in the desert the whole congregation of Israel grumbled against Moses and Aaron. ³“If only we had died by Yahweh’s hand in the land of Egypt!” they said. “There we sat by pots of meat and ate our fill of bread, but you have brought us into this desert to starve this whole assembly to death!”

⁴Then Yahweh said to Moses, “Behold, I will rain down bread from heaven for you. Each day the people are to go out and gather enough for that day. In this way I will test whether or not they will follow My instructions. ⁵Then on the sixth day, when they prepare what they bring in, it will be twice as much as they gather on the other days.”

• EX 16:4[FORESHADOW]God would rain down bread from heaven → JN 6:32-35
• EX 16:4[QUOTED]Quoted in the New Testament → JN 6:31

⁶So Moses and Aaron said to all the Israelites, “This evening you will know that it was Yahweh who brought you out of the land of Egypt, ⁷and in the morning you will see Yahweh’s glory, because He has heard your grumbling against Him. For who are we, that you should grumble against us?”

⁸And Moses added, “Yahweh will give you meat to eat this evening and bread to fill you in the morning, for He has heard your grumbling against Him. Who are we? Your grumblings are not against us but against Yahweh.”

⁹Then Moses said to Aaron, “Tell the whole congregation of Israel, ‘Come before Yahweh, for He has heard your grumbling.’”

¹⁰And as Aaron was speaking to the whole congregation of Israel, they looked toward the desert, and there in a cloud the glory of Yahweh appeared.

¹¹Then Yahweh said to Moses, ¹²“I have heard the grumbling of the Israelites. Tell them, ‘At twilight you will eat meat, and in the morning you will be filled with bread. Then you will know that I am Yahweh your God.’”

• EX 16:12[PROPHECY]They would eat meat at twilight and bread in the morning → EX 16:13-15

¹³That evening quail came and covered the camp, and in the morning there was a layer of dew around the camp. ¹⁴When the layer of dew had evaporated, there were thin flakes on the desert floor, as fine as frost on the ground. ¹⁵When the Israelites saw it, they asked one another, “What is it?” For they did not know what it was.

• EX 16:13[MIRACLE]Quail at evening and manna in the morning
• EX 16:13[FULFILLS]They would eat meat at twilight and bread in the morning ← EX 16:12

So Moses told them, “It is the bread that Yahweh has given you to eat. ¹⁶This is what Yahweh has commanded: ‘Each one is to gather as much as he needs. You may take two quarts for each person in your tent.’”

• EX 16:15[QUOTED]Quoted in the New Testament → JN 6:31

¹⁷So the Israelites did this. Some gathered more, and some less. ¹⁸When they measured it out, he who gathered much had no excess, and he who gathered little had no shortfall. Each one gathered as much as he needed to eat.

• EX 16:18[QUOTED]Quoted in the New Testament → 2CO 8:15

¹⁹Then Moses said to them, “No one may keep any of it until morning.” ²⁰But they did not listen to Moses; some people left part of it until morning, and it became infested with maggots and began to smell. So Moses was angry with them.

²¹Every morning each one gathered as much as was needed, and when the sun grew hot, it melted away.

The Sabbath Observed// Genesis 2:1–3; Hebrews 4:1–11

²²On the sixth day, they gathered twice as much food—four quarts per person—and all the leaders of the congregation came and reported this to Moses. ²³He told them, “This is what Yahweh has said: ‘Tomorrow is to be a day of complete rest, a holy Sabbath to Yahweh. So bake what you want to bake, and boil what you want to boil. Then set aside whatever remains and keep it until morning.’”

²⁴So they set it aside until morning as Moses had commanded, and it did not smell or contain any maggots. ²⁵“Eat it today,” Moses said, “because today is a Sabbath to Yahweh. Today you will not find anything in the field. ²⁶For six days you may gather, but on the seventh day, the Sabbath, it will not be there.”

²⁷Yet on the seventh day some of the people went out to gather, but they did not find anything. ²⁸Then Yahweh said to Moses, “How long will you refuse to keep My commandments and instructions? ²⁹Understand that Yahweh has given you the Sabbath; that is why on the sixth day He will give you bread for two days. On the seventh day, everyone must stay where he is; no one may leave his place.”

³⁰So the people rested on the seventh day.

The Jar of Manna

³¹Now the house of Israel called the bread manna. It was white like coriander seed and tasted like wafers made with honey. ³²Moses said, “This is what Yahweh has commanded: ‘Keep two quarts of manna for the generations to come, so that they may see the bread I fed you in the wilderness when I brought you out of the land of Egypt.’”

³³So Moses told Aaron, “Take a jar and fill it with two quarts of manna. Then place it before Yahweh to be preserved for the generations to come.” ³⁴And Aaron placed it in front of the Testimony, to be preserved just as Yahweh had commanded Moses.

• EX 16:33[FORESHADOW]A jar of manna was kept before Yahweh for later generations → REV 2:17; HEB 9:4MEDIUM

³⁵The Israelites ate manna forty years, until they came to a land where they could settle; they ate manna until they reached the border of Canaan. ³⁶(The measure they used held about two quarts.)