Luke 1

Dedication to Theophilus// Acts 1:1–3

¹Many have undertaken to compose an account of the things that have been fulfilled among us, ²just as they were handed down to us by the initial eyewitnesses and servants of the word. ³Therefore, having carefully investigated everything from the beginning, it seemed good also to me to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, ⁴so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.

Gabriel Foretells John’s Birth

⁵In the time of Herod king of Judea there was a priest named Zechariah, who belonged to the priestly division of Abijah, and whose wife Elizabeth was a descendant of Aaron. ⁶Both of them were righteous in the sight of God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and decrees of the Lord. ⁷But they had no children, because Elizabeth was barren, and they were both well along in years.

• LK 1:5[ALLUDES TO]Refers to ← 1CH 24:10
• LK 1:5[NOTABLE]Elizabeth came from the family of Aaron, the first high priest. Her family were the priests who made the holy anointing oil and incense.

⁸One day while Zechariah’s division was on duty and he was serving as priest before God, ⁹he was chosen by lot, according to the custom of the priesthood, to enter the temple of the Lord and burn incense. ¹⁰And at the hour of the incense offering, the whole congregation was praying outside.

• LK 1:9[NOTABLE]Zacharias serving at the altar of incense when Gabriel appears to announce John the Baptist's birth; incense and angelic encounter linked

¹¹Just then an angel of the Lord appeared to Zechariah, standing at the right side of the altar of incense. ¹²When Zechariah saw him, he was startled and gripped with fear.

• LK 1:11[MIRACLE]Gabriel announces John the Baptist's birth to Zechariah

¹³But the angel said to him, “Do not be afraid, Zechariah, because your prayer has been heard. Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you are to give him the name John. ¹⁴He will be a joy and delight to you, and many will rejoice at his birth, ¹⁵for he will be great in the sight of the Lord. He shall never take wine or strong drink, and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit even from his mother’s womb. ¹⁶Many of the sons of Israel he will turn back to the Lord their God. ¹⁷And he will go on before the Lord in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers to their children and the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous—to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.”

• LK 1:13[PROPHECY]Zacharias, your prayer is heard; your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son; you shall call his name John. He will be great in the sight of the Lord → Fulfilled in LK 1:57-80 with John the Baptist's birth and ministry
• LK 1:16[FULFILLS]Forerunner would turn many to righteousness ← MAL 4:6
• LK 1:17[FULFILLS]Forerunner in the spirit of Elijah ← MAL 4:5

¹⁸“How can I be sure of this?” Zechariah asked the angel. “I am an old man, and my wife is well along in years.”

¹⁹“I am Gabriel,” replied the angel. “I stand in the presence of God, and I have been sent to speak to you and to bring you this good news. ²⁰And now you will be silent and unable to speak until the day this comes to pass, because you did not believe my words, which will be fulfilled at their proper time.”

• LK 1:20[PROPHECY]Zechariah would be unable to speak until the promised son was born → LK 1:22; LK 1:63-64

²¹Meanwhile, the people were waiting for Zechariah and wondering why he took so long in the temple. ²²When he came out and was unable to speak to them, they realized he had seen a vision in the temple. He kept making signs to them but remained unable to speak. ²³And when the days of his service were complete, he returned home.

• LK 1:22[FULFILLS]Zechariah would be unable to speak until the promised son was born ← LK 1:20

²⁴After these days, his wife Elizabeth became pregnant and for five months remained in seclusion. She declared, ²⁵“The Lord has done this for me. In these days He has shown me favor and taken away my disgrace among the people.”

Gabriel Foretells Jesus’ Birth

²⁶In the sixth month, God sent the angel Gabriel to a town in Galilee called Nazareth, ²⁷to a virgin pledged in marriage to a man named Joseph, who was of the house of David. And the virgin’s name was Mary. ²⁸The angel appeared to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.”

• LK 1:26[ARCHAEOLOGY]Nazareth excavations
• LK 1:26[MIRACLE]God sends Gabriel to a virgin named Mary

²⁹Mary was greatly troubled at his words and wondered what kind of greeting this might be. ³⁰So the angel told her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. ³¹Behold, you will conceive and give birth to a son, and you are to give Him the name Jesus. ³²He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David, ³³and He will reign over the house of Jacob forever. His kingdom will never end!”

• LK 1:31[FULFILLS]A child would be born and 2 more ← IS 9:6; IS 49:5; DAN 7:13-14c
• LK 1:31[PROPHECY]You will conceive in your womb and bring forth a Son, and shall call His name Jesus (Gabriel to Mary) → LK 2:6-7; LK 2:11; ACTS 2:30-36
• LK 1:32[FULFILLS]He would be called the Son of God and 11 more ← 2SA 7:14a; 1CH 17:12-13; PS 89:3-4; PS 132:11; IS 9:6; IS 9:7; IS 16:5; JER 30:9; EZK 17:22-23; EZK 21:26-27; EZK 34:23-24; EZK 37:24-25
• LK 1:32[ALLUDES TO]Refers to ← 2SA 7:12-16
• LK 1:33[FULFILLS]Ruler in Israel ← MIC 5:2b

³⁴“How can this be,” Mary asked the angel, “since I am a virgin?”

• LK 1:34[MIRACLE]The Holy Spirit will come upon you

³⁵The angel replied, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. So the Holy One to be born will be called the Son of God. ³⁶Look, even Elizabeth your relative has conceived a son in her old age, and she who was called barren is in her sixth month. ³⁷For no word from God will ever fail.”

• LK 1:35[PROPHECY]You will conceive in your womb and bring forth a Son, and shall call His name Jesus (Gabriel to Mary) → LK 2:6-7; LK 2:11; ACTS 2:30-36
• LK 1:35[FULFILLS]He would be born of a virgin ← IS 7:14
• LK 1:36[NOTABLE]The angel calls Elizabeth Mary's relative. Since Elizabeth was a daughter of Aaron, many believe Mary had Levite family too. If so, she may have known how the holy oil and incense were made. See the note on Matthew 2:11. Luke does not say exactly how they were related.
• LK 1:37[ALLUDES TO]Refers to ← GEN 18:14

³⁸“I am the Lord’s servant,” Mary answered. “May it happen to me according to your word.” Then the angel left her.

Mary Visits Elizabeth

³⁹In those days Mary got ready and hurried to a town in the hill country of Judah, ⁴⁰where she entered the home of Zechariah and greeted Elizabeth.

⁴¹When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the baby leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit. ⁴²In a loud voice she exclaimed, “Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb! ⁴³And why am I so honored, that the mother of my Lord should come to me? ⁴⁴For as soon as the sound of your greeting reached my ears, the baby in my womb leaped for joy. ⁴⁵Blessed is she who has believed that the Lord’s word to her will be fulfilled.”

Mary’s Song// 1 Samuel 2:1–11

⁴⁶Then Mary said:

“My soul magnifies the Lord,

• LK 1:46[ALLUDES TO]Refers to ← 1SA 2:1-10

⁴⁷and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior!

⁴⁸For He has looked with favor on the humble state of His servant.

From now on all generations will call me blessed.

• LK 1:48[PROPHECY]All generations would call Mary blessed → HISTORY: Christians have honored Mary in every age since. An early prayer to her is found on a papyrus from about AD 250 to 400, and the Council of Ephesus honored her in AD 431.MEDIUM

⁴⁹For the Mighty One has done great things for me.

Holy is His name.

⁵⁰His mercy extends to those who fear Him,

from generation to generation.

⁵¹He has performed mighty deeds with His arm;

He has scattered those who are proud

in the thoughts of their hearts.

⁵²He has brought down rulers from their thrones,

but has exalted the humble.

⁵³He has filled the hungry with good things,

but has sent the rich away empty.

⁵⁴He has helped His servant Israel,

remembering to be merciful,

⁵⁵as He promised to our fathers,

to Abraham and his descendants forever.”

⁵⁶Mary stayed with Elizabeth for about three months and then returned home.

The Birth of John the Baptist

⁵⁷When the time came for Elizabeth to have her child, she gave birth to a son. ⁵⁸Her neighbors and relatives heard that the Lord had shown her great mercy, and they rejoiced with her.

• LK 1:57[FULFILLS]Zacharias, your prayer is heard; your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son; you shall call his name John. He will be great in the sight of the Lord ← LK 1:13-17

⁵⁹On the eighth day, when they came to circumcise the child, they were going to name him after his father Zechariah. ⁶⁰But his mother replied, “No! He shall be called John.”

⁶¹They said to her, “There is no one among your relatives who bears this name.” ⁶²So they made signs to his father to find out what he wanted to name the child.

⁶³Zechariah asked for a tablet and wrote, “His name is John.” And they were all amazed. ⁶⁴Immediately Zechariah’s mouth was opened and his tongue was released, and he began to speak, praising God.

• LK 1:63[FULFILLS]Zechariah would be unable to speak until the promised son was born ← LK 1:20
• LK 1:64[MIRACLE]Zechariah's mouth is opened and he speaks again

⁶⁵All their neighbors were filled with awe, and people throughout the hill country of Judea were talking about these events. ⁶⁶And all who heard this wondered in their hearts and asked, “What then will this child become?” For the Lord’s hand was with him.

Zechariah’s Song

⁶⁷Then his father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied:

⁶⁸“Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel,

because He has visited and redeemed His people.

• LK 1:68[PROPHECY]God was raising up a horn of salvation from the house of David → LK 2:11; ACTS 13:22-23

⁶⁹He has raised up a horn of salvation for us

in the house of His servant David,

• LK 1:69[FULFILLS]A horn of salvation raised up for His people ← PS 18:2-3MEDIUM
• LK 1:69[FULFILLS]God would make a horn of salvation grow for David ← PS 132:17MEDIUM

⁷⁰as He spoke through His holy prophets,

those of ages past,

⁷¹salvation from our enemies

and from the hand of all who hate us,

⁷²to show mercy to our fathers

and to remember His holy covenant,

⁷³the oath He swore to our father Abraham,

to grant us ⁷⁴deliverance from hostile hands,

that we may serve Him without fear,

⁷⁵in holiness and righteousness before Him

all the days of our lives.

⁷⁶And you, child, will be called

a prophet of the Most High;

for you will go on before the Lord

to prepare the way for Him,

• LK 1:76[PROPHECY]Baby John would be a prophet who goes before the Lord to prepare His way → LK 3:2-6; MT 3:1-3; MT 11:9-10

⁷⁷to give to His people the knowledge of salvation

through the forgiveness of their sins,

⁷⁸because of the tender mercy of our God,

by which the Dawn will visit us from on high,

• LK 1:78[FULFILLS]Morning light at sunrise ← 2SA 23:4MEDIUM
• LK 1:78[FULFILLS]The sun of righteousness would rise with healing in its wings ← MAL 4:2MEDIUM

⁷⁹to shine on those who live in darkness

and in the shadow of death,

to guide our feet

into the path of peace.”

⁸⁰And the child grew and became strong in spirit; and he lived in the wilderness until the time of his public appearance to Israel.