TOM · The Owner's Manual · Old Testament

Song of Solomon 1

Before you read Song of Solomon: who, when, why

BOOK 22 OF 66 · OLD TESTAMENT · POETRY AND WISDOM

Yes, This Is in the Bible

AUTHOR
Solomon's Song, 1:1. The Hebrew can mean by, for or about Solomon. Tradition says he wrote it. Many scholars think it was written later. See Who Wrote It?
DATE
If Solomon wrote it, about 970 to 930 BC. Many scholars date it about 500 to 300 BC. Either way, it was being copied by about 30 BC.
WRITTEN TO
Brides and grooms, husbands and wives, and anyone who wants to know what God thinks about love.
KEY VERSE
Song of Solomon 8:6. Set me as a seal over your heart, as a seal upon your arm. For love is as strong as death.
THE OLDEST COPIES OF THE SONG

The Oldest Copies of the Song

The biggest piece of 4QCant a, from Qumran Cave 4, copied about 30 BC to AD 30. This scroll has parts of Song of Solomon 3, 4, 6 and 7, and it jumps from 4:7 straight to 6:11. Three more Song scrolls were found near Qumran. See The Song Scrolls from Qumran. Copies this old show the Song was being copied and read before Jesus was born. Photo Shai Halevi, Israel Antiquities Authority, Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library.

The Setting

A bride and her king take turns singing about their love, and a group of friends, the daughters of Jerusalem, joins in. There is no clear story line, just love songs about longing, a wedding and a love that lasts. God's name is never used, except maybe once, 8:6. It is in the Bible because God made love and marriage, and He calls them good.

What Love Is Up Against

  • Waiting. Do not stir up love until the time is right, 2:7.
  • Little Foxes. Small problems that ruin the vineyard, 2:15.
  • Missing Each Other. She looks for him and cannot find him, 3:1 and 5:6.
  • Jealousy. Love's jealousy is as fierce as the grave, 8:6.

Where to Find Jesus

  • Song of Solomon 5:16. He is altogether lovely. Many Christians sing this about Jesus, the Bridegroom who loves His bride, the church, Ephesians 5:25 to 27.
  • Song of Solomon 5:2. Open to me. Jesus said, Behold, I stand at the door and knock, Revelation 3:20.
  • Song of Solomon 8:6. Love is as strong as death. Jesus' love was stronger: He laid down His life for His friends and rose again, John 15:13.
  • Song of Solomon 2:1. A rose of Sharon, a lily of the valley. In the verse the bride says it, but many hymns use these names for Jesus.

Cool Stuff Most People Miss

  • The Best Song. Song of Songs means the best song, like King of kings. Solomon wrote 1,005 songs, 1 Kings 4:32, and this one is called the best.
  • Holy of Holies. Rabbi Akiva said all the Writings are holy, but the Song of Songs is the Holy of Holies, Mishnah Yadayim 3:5.
  • Read At Passover. Many Jews read the Song every year at Passover, the spring feast that remembers how God brought Israel out of Egypt.
  • No Red Letters. God does not speak in the Song, so there are no red letters. His name may show up once, in the flame of Yahweh, 8:6.

How Does It End?

With love still calling. The bride says, Come away, my beloved, 8:14. The love that began with a kiss, 1:2, ends as strong as death, 8:6.

Chapter 1 in 30 seconds

A bride sings about her king, who smells better than a perfume shop. She is suntanned from working her brothers' vineyards and a little shy about it. He compares her to a mare among Pharaoh's chariots, which back then was probably a big compliment.

Tap a color to hide it

The Bride Confesses Her Love// Ephesians 5:22–33; 1 Peter 3:1–7

1This is Solomon’s Song of Songs.

  • SONG 1:1[ARCHAEOLOGY]Four Dead Sea Scrolls of the Song, copied about 30 BC to AD 70; two of them are shorter than the book we have, see The Song Scrolls from Qumran Field Notes box
  • SONG 1:1[NOTE]SONG OF SONGS. In Hebrew, saying a word twice means the very best, like Holy of Holies or King of kings. So this is the best song of all. Of Solomon can mean by, for or about him. See the Big Question Who Wrote It?
  • SONG 1:1[NOTE]WHO IS TALKING? The small labels like The Bride and The Friends are not in the Hebrew. Many Bibles add them to help you follow who is speaking, mostly from whether the Hebrew word is for a man or a woman.

The Bride

2Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth!

For your love is more delightful than wine.

  • SONG 1:2[NOTE]A LOVE POEM. The Song is poetry about a bride and her groom. Like every love song, it talks in pictures: wine, perfume, gardens and fruit. See the Big Question How Should We Read It?

3The fragrance of your perfume is pleasing;

your name is like perfume poured out.

No wonder the maidens adore you.

4Take me away with you—let us hurry!

May the king bring me to his chambers.

The Friends

We will rejoice and delight in you;

we will praise your love more than wine.

The Bride

It is only right that they adore you.

5I am dark, yet lovely, O daughters of Jerusalem,

like the tents of Kedar, like the curtains of Solomon.

  • SONG 1:5[NOTE]DARK, YET LOVELY. She worked outside in the sun, 1:6. Back then, pale skin meant a rich life indoors, so she feels shy. Kedar was a desert tribe that lived in black goat hair tents.

6Do not stare because I am dark,

for the sun has gazed upon me.

My mother’s sons were angry with me;

they made me a keeper of the vineyards,

but my own vineyard I have neglected.

  • SONG 1:6[NOTE]MY OWN VINEYARD. She took care of her brothers' vineyards but not her own. Many read her own vineyard as herself, her own looks and life, 8:12.

7Tell me, O one I love,

where do you pasture your sheep?

Where do you rest them at midday?

Why should I be like a veiled woman

beside the flocks of your companions?

The Friends

8If you do not know, O fairest of women,

follow the tracks of the flock,

and graze your young goats

near the tents of the shepherds.

The Bridegroom

9I compare you, my darling,

to a mare among Pharaoh’s chariots.

  • SONG 1:9[NOTE]A MARE. Pharaoh's chariots were pulled by stallions. A mare among them would turn every head, so many say this was a big compliment back then.

10Your cheeks are beautiful with ornaments,

your neck with strings of jewels.

The Friends

11We will make you ornaments of gold,

studded with beads of silver.

The Bride

12While the king was at his table,

my perfume spread its fragrance.

13My beloved is to me a sachet of myrrh

resting between my breasts.

14My beloved is to me a cluster of henna blossoms

in the vineyards of En-gedi.

  • SONG 1:14[NOTE]EN GEDI. An oasis with springs and palm trees by the Dead Sea, where David once hid from Saul, 1 Samuel 24:1.

The Bridegroom

15How beautiful you are, my darling!

Oh, how very beautiful!

Your eyes are like doves.

The Bride

16How handsome you are, my beloved!

Oh, how delightful!

The soft grass is our bed.

The Bridegroom

17The beams of our house are cedars;

our rafters are fragrant firs.

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